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8 October 2024
11

Horse Gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.)

Abstract

Horse gram is a relatively unexplored legume with a plethora of nutritional benefits, a high protein content, inherent resilience to biotic and abiotic stress, and adaptability to climate change. This legume, with its myriad advantages, has yet to gain importance nationally and internationally in terms of its genetic improvement and popularization. In this chapter, we attempt to appeal to the altruistic traits of this underutilized legume by underlining its significance in terms of nutraceutical properties, sustenance as a feed and fodder, high protein content and health benefits. The chapter includes deliberation on the origin and distribution of horse gram, gene pool and genetic stocks available in the wild species and relatives, germplasm collection, characterization and conservation, utilization of the germplasm through conventional plant breeding approaches and advanced molecular techniques such as mapping and genome editing, its cultivation practices and gene erosion due to interference such as environmental depletion and varietal replacement. The chapter ends with a focus on the need for collaborative efforts between different stakeholders and policy makers to allow this potential legume to flourish and stand on the global stage to support nutritional security.

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Biographies

Dr Rahul Chandora is working as a Scientist (Senior Scale) at the ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Shimla. He has been serving as the curator of potential crops (adzuki bean, rice bean, amaranth, buckwheat, and chenopod) and is involved in the Plant Genetic Resource (PGR) management of legumes & pseudocereals which includes germplasm augmentation, characterization, evaluation (screening against biotic stresses, molecular, nutritional profiling), conservation as well as documentation and database curation for storage. He is trained in the use of molecular and bioinformatic techniques in plant genetics. He is the main developer of two varieties (one variety of Quinoa, 'Him Shakti' and one variety of Buckwheat, 'Him Phaphra') that were released and notified by the CVRC (Central Sub-Committee on Crop Standards Notification and Release of Varieties) in 2021. Him Shakti is the first variety of quinoa to be released in India. He has also established two Community Seed Banks (CSBs) in Himachal Pradesh, India. It is also worth noting that he was a part of the team that identified and registered two genetic stocks, INGR21103 & INGR21136 of French bean that are resistance to Bean Common Mosaic Virus. He is also handling various institutional and externally-funded projects as Principal Investigator and Co-Principal Investigator.
Dr Basavaraja, T. started his career as a Scientist at the ICAR- Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024 (India). He has seven-year of research experience in grain legume genetics and breeding and gained extensive conceptual knowledge in the diverse domain of Genetics, Cytogenetics, Crop Breeding, Population genetics, and Crop Biotechnology. Presently, He is working on genetic enhancement of pulse crops such as Common bean and Mung bean. He was an associated breeder and developer for developing high-yielding high yielding mung bean cultivars viz., IPM 512-1 (Soorya), IPM 312-20 (Vasudha) & IPM 409-4 (Heera). He procured and collected more than 2000 germplasm accessions of common bean from national & international gene banks. He contributed to the development of eight genetic stocks (4, common bean & 4, Mung bean) for BCMV disease resistance, yellow seeded & Bruchid resistance. He is actively working as a project leader in two externally funded projects (the DST-SERB project and Alliance Bioversity International-CIAT Common bean project). For his remarkable contribution to agricultural science, he received a young scientist award in the scientist award ceremony at Lucknow University (Uttar Pradesh).
Dr Aditya Pratap, born on October 18, 1976, is working as Principal Scientist in the Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur (IIPR). Holding a brilliant academic and service record, he has worked on genetic improvement of crop plants including Vigna species, wheat, triticale, rapeseed-mustard and chickpea. He has been associated with the development and release of 14 crop varieties including 9 in green gram, 1 in chickpea, 3 in rapeseed-mustard and one in facultative winter wheat including world's first earliest variety of mungbean, Virat, which matures in 52-55 days. He has executed several national and international collaborative projects as a team leader and successfully established the "International Mung bean Improvement Network" along with several international partners. To his credit, he has >190 publications including research papers in several high-impact journals. He has edited 6 books published by Springer, CABI and Elsevier. His research interests include distant hybridization, doubled haploidy breeding, plant tissue culture and molecular breeding. He is the recipient of the prestigious Norman E. Borlaug International Agricultural Science and Technology Fellowship, USA and also the ICAR-Lal Bahadur Shastri Outstanding Young Scientist Award. The mung bean improvement programme led by him at the IIPR has won him the Best Centre Award 2018. He is on board several reputed international research journals including Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers in Genetics, PLOS One, BMC Plant Biology, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution besides being the General Secretary of the Indian Society of Pulses Research and Development.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Pages: 199 - 216
Editors: Dr Rahul Chandora, ICAR - National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, India, Dr T. Basavaraja, ICAR - Indian Institute of Pulses Research, India, and Aditya Pratap, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, India
ISBN (Hardback): 978-1-80062-463-4
ISBN (ePDF): 978-1-80062-464-1
ISBN (ePUB): 978-1-80062-465-8

History

Cover date: 30 September 2024
Published online: 8 October 2024

Keywords:

  1. Horse gram,
  2. crop gene pool,
  3. genetic resources,
  4. genetic diversity

Language

English

Authors

Affiliations

W.S. Philanim* [email protected]
ICAR-RC-NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
Amit Kumar
ICAR-RC-NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
Ingudam Bhupenchandra
ICAR-KVK, Tamenglong, ICAR-RC-NEH Region, Manipur Centre, India
Umakanta Ngangkham
ICAR-RC-NEH Region, Manipur Centre, India
Letngam Touthang
ICAR-RC-NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
Binay Kumar Singh
ICAR-RC-NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
Sandeep Jaiswal
ICAR-RC-NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
Rumki Ch. Sangma
ICAR-RC-NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
N. Raju Singh
ICAR-RC-NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
Kanishka Chandora
ICAR-NBPGR, RS, Shimla, India

Notes

*
Corresponding author: [email protected]

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