Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (shingle tree)
Datasheet Types: Tree, Host plant, Crop, Invasive species
Abstract
This datasheet on Acrocarpus fraxinifolius covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Environmental Requirements, Uses, Management, Further Information.
Identity
- Preferred Scientific Name
- Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Wight ex Arn.
- Preferred Common Name
- shingle tree
- Other Scientific Names
- Acrocarpus combretiflorus Teijsm. & Binnend.
- Mezoneurum grande Miq.
- International Common Names
- EnglishIndian ashKenya coffeeshadepink cedarred cedar
- Local Common Names
- Indiabelanjihantigehevuligekurangadikuranganmalankommaomalaveppumandanenarivenganelraisilchhal
- Indonesia/Javadelimas
- Indonesia/Sumatramadang pariek
- Laosket 'hoykhan khak
- Myanmarmayahninyetama
- Rwandakuranjan
- Thailandkang khimotkhang changsadao chang
- EPPO code
- AOCFR (Acrocarpus fraxinifolius)
- Trade name
- mundani
Pictures
Habit
Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (shingle tree); foliage. Panchgani, Satara district Maharashtra, India. August 2010.
©Dinesh Valke/via flickr - CC BY-SA 2.0
Foliage
Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (shingle tree); foliage. Panchgani, Satara district Maharashtra, India. August 2010.
©Dinesh Valke/via flickr - CC BY-SA 2.0
Branches and foliage
Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (shingle tree); branches and foliage. Panchgani, Satara district Maharashtra, India. August 2010.
©Dinesh Valke/via flickr - CC BY-SA 2.0
Trunk and bark
Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (shingle tree); trunk and bark. Panchgani, Satara district Maharashtra, India. August 2010.
©Dinesh Valke/via flickr - CC BY-SA 2.0
Flowering habit
Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (shingle tree); flowering habit. Shivanahalli, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. February 2013.
©Forestowlet/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 3.0
Flowering habit
Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (shingle tree); flowering habit. India. January 2008.
©Dinesh Valke/via flickr - CC BY-SA 2.0
Line artwork
Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (shingle tree) 1. tree habit. 2. leaf. 3. dehisced pod. 4. inflorescence5. flower.
©PROSEA Foundation
Overview
Importance
A large, deciduous, multipurpose tree, which is fast-growing and moderately light-demanding, with a buttressed bole and thin bark. Sensitive to frost and sun scorch when young.It grows in mixed forests in its natural range in S. India. It is also distributed throughout many areas of tropical East Asia, and has been planted in many countries in central and eastern Africa and in Central America. A. fraxinifolius timber is used for shingles, furniture and building timbers, and for tea-chests in the Himalayan region. It is also used as a second class kraft pulp.It has also been planted as a shade tree in coffee and tea plantations. It is a good source of nectar, and the foliage can be used as fodder.
Summary of Invasiveness
The following summary is from Witt and Luke (2017):
Description
Large deciduous tree (shedding most or all of its leaves at the end of the growing season); 30–60 m tall, with a round, straight stem [90 (–200) cm in diameter], free of branches over most of its elevation, having large, thick buttresses and deep roots.
Large deciduous tree (shedding most or all of its leaves at the end of the growing season); 30–60 m tall, with a round, straight stem [90 (–200) cm in diameter], free of branches over most of its elevation, having large, thick buttresses and deep roots.
Origin
Bangladesh, Borneo, Myanmar, China, India, Indonesia, Sumatra and Vietnam.
Bangladesh, Borneo, Myanmar, China, India, Indonesia, Sumatra and Vietnam.
Reason for introduction
Fuelwood, timber, fodder, bee forage, erosion control, shade and ornament.
Invades
Roadsides, disturbed land, urban open spaces, forest edges/gaps, woodlands and riparian vegetation.
Impacts
Forms dense stands, shading out native species. It is a pioneer species in its native range, regenerating rapidly in burnt areas and where the soil has recently been exposed. Coppices readily and grows extremely rapidly (1.3–3 m annually), producing large numbers of seeds, many of which germinate under parent canopies forming large monospecific stands to the detriment of native plant and animal species. The winged seeds can also be dispersal over long distances and germinate readily. Young plants often behave as climbers and stranglers of other trees.
Taxonomic Tree
Distribution Map
Distribution Table
Latitude/Altitude Ranges
| Latitude North (°N) | Latitude South (°S) | Altitude lower (m) | Altitude upper (m) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27 | -23 | 0 | 1800 |
Air Temperature
| Parameter | Lower limit (°C) | Upper limit (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| Absolute minimum temperature | 2 | 17 |
| Mean annual temperature | 23 | 27 |
| Mean maximum temperature of hottest month | 23 | 35 |
| Mean minimum temperature of coldest month | 16 | 22 |
Rainfall
| Parameter | Lower limit | Upper limit | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dry season duration | 0 | 4 | number of consecutive months with <40 mm rainfall |
| Mean annual rainfall | 1900 | 5000 | mm; lower/upper limits |
Rainfall Regime
Summer
Soil Tolerances
Soil texture > light
Soil texture > medium
Soil reaction > acid
Soil reaction > neutral
Soil drainage > free
List of Pests
Uses List
General > Ornamental
Environmental > Agroforestry
Materials > Carved material
Materials > Miscellaneous materials
Materials > Wood/timber
Fuels > Charcoal
Fuels > Fuelwood
Human food and beverage > Honey/honey flora
Animal feed, fodder, forage > Fodder/animal feed
Wood Products
Charcoal
Containers > Boxes
Containers > Cases
Containers > Crates
Furniture
Roundwood > Posts
Sawn or hewn building timbers > Flooring
Sawn or hewn building timbers > For light construction
Sawn or hewn building timbers > Shingles
Wood-based materials > Plywood
Woodware > Tool handles
Silviculture Characteristics
Tolerates > weeds
Tolerates > shade
Ability to > coppice
Silviculture Practice
Seed storage > orthodox
Vegetative propagation by > cuttings
Stand establishment using > natural regeneration
Stand establishment using > direct sowing
Stand establishment using > planting stock
Stand establishment using > wildings
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References
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Published online: 19 November 2019
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